Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia

Impact of Government Incentives on Electric Vehicle Adoption in Malaysia: A Forecasting Approach Using Govt Car Registration Data

2026-08-20T03:06:39+00:00

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in combating climate change and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. However, Malaysia has struggled to accelerate EV adoption due to limited infrastructure and high initial costs. To address this, the Malaysian government introduced targeted incentives in 2022 to encourage EV uptake. This study evaluates the immediate and long-term effects of these incentives using an Interrupted Time Series (ITS) model and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, analyzing vehicle registration data from 2019 to 2024. Over time, the incentives drove a sustained annual increase in EV registrations, demonstrating their long-term effectiveness. Consumer preferences shifted notably toward EVs, with brands like Tesla and BYD gaining significant market penetration, while hybrid petrol vehicles continued to grow steadily. By comparing these results with global trends, the study emphasizes the importance of robust policy frameworks, infrastructure investment, and consumer-focused incentives in sustaining EV adoption. The research concludes that the Malaysian government’s incentives successfully promoted EV adoption, but addressing infrastructure gaps and enhancing policy measures remain crucial for achieving the country’s sustainable mobility objectives.

Investigation of Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled with B5 Diesel

2026-08-20T03:11:11+00:00

A Yanmar 1-cylinder diesel engine was used to investigate the performance of the diesel engine. Standard experimental protocols were followed. Engine fuel consumption, brake fuel consumption, brake power, and torque were all measured with B5 diesel fuel. At varying engine speeds, different engine loads were established. As the engine speed is raised from 1400 to 1700 RPM under constant loads of 2, 4, and 6 kW, there will be a reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption alongside an increase in fuel usage, brake power, and torque. At a constant engine speed of 1400, 1500, 1600, and 1700 RPM, a rise in engine load from 2 kW to 6 kW will lead to higher fuel consumption, braking power, and torque while still resulting in lower brake-specific fuel consumption.

Design and Fabrication of Upgrading an Internal Combustion Engine to an Electric Motor Go-Kart

2026-08-20T03:35:31+00:00

The transition from internal combustion engines to electric propulsion in motorsports has gained significant attention due to its potential for sustainability and performance enhancement. This study presents the development and performance evaluation of an electric go kart, "Speed Maniac," designed to replace conventional fuel-powered systems with an electric drivetrain. The primary objectives were to optimize speed, efficiency, and control while ensuring structural integrity and energy sustainability. The research methodology involved literature review, design selection, finite element analysis (FEA), component integration, fabrication, and experimental testing. A brushless electric motor and lithium-ion battery system were selected for their efficiency and power output. Structural modifications were made to the chassis to enhance stability and weight distribution, while braking and steering systems were optimized for improved safety. Performance evaluations, including speed tests, braking efficiency analysis, and battery consumption assessments, demonstrated notable improvements in acceleration, energy efficiency, and overall handling. The results indicate that electric go-karts offer a viable alternative to traditional combustion-engine models, with enhanced environmental benefits and competitive performance. This study contributes to the growing body of research on sustainable vehicle technology and highlights the feasibility of electric propulsion in motor sports applications.

Investigation into Brake Power for Performance of the Dynamic Behavior of Alternative Fuel

2026-08-21T07:45:14+00:00

Over the years, some researchers have said that the performance of biodiesel fuel has surpassed diesel fuel in terms of brake power and is slightly lower in terms of brake-specific fuel consumption in the same situation for the amount of air and fuel it has injected into the combustion. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to high levels of this brake power affects alternative fuel performance. For this purpose, several research methods were arranged, including the compilation of literature data on engine performance. Preparation of materials and equipment, and preparation of different types of fuel, as well as engine experimental setups to establish comparisons between various studies. The alternative tested fuel types were B5M10, B10M10, B5M10E3, B10M10E3, where B stands for biodiesel, M for methanol, E for emulsion fuel, and the number stands for the ratio. The competition to produce better brake power and environmentally friendly fuels has made emulsion fuel and biodiesel renewable fuels believed to be new alternative fuels that emit very few particles into the atmosphere.

Design and Optimization of a Lightweight Automotive Chassis for Sustainable Mobility

2026-08-21T07:50:56+00:00

This paper presents the design and development of a lightweight Formula Student chassis aimed at improving performance, sustainability, and energy efficiency in a Formula Student race car. The chassis was engineered to be 20–30% lighter than the previous design without sacrificing structural strength. Advanced design techniques, including 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) modelling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation, were employed to optimize the chassis geometry and validate its structural integrity under load conditions. High- strength lightweight steel tubing (hollow "black pipe" and Schedule 40 pipe) was selected to reduce weight while meeting safety requirements. Simulation results indicate that the new design can withstand expected forces with adequate safety margins, and the weight reduction contributes to improved acceleration, handling, and energy efficiency of the vehicle. The prototype SLChassis was integrated into a 135cc Formula Student Malaysia 2025 race car, which achieved second place in the endurance race event and 4th in the design category. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the lightweight chassis in enhancing vehicle performance. The innovations from this project underscore the importance of lightweight design and material optimization in sustainable mobility. This paper details the design methodology, simulation validation, and performance outcomes of the chassis, highlighting its potential for broader application in energy-efficient and sustainable vehicle engineering.

Comparative Finite Element Analysis of Triangulated Spaceframe Designs for Formula SAE Chassis under Static Load Conditions

2026-08-21T07:55:09+00:00

This study presents a comprehensive finite element analysis of three Formula SAE spaceframe chassis configurations to evaluate their structural performance under standardized static load conditions. The analyzed chassis, designated as Design 1 (baseline), Design 2 (moderately reinforced), and Design 3 (fully triangulated), were subjected to five critical loading scenarios: front impact, main roll hoop, front roll hoop, lateral shear, and torsional deformation. The simulations were conducted using ANSYS Workbench with structural steel properties, and the results were benchmarked against a yield strength threshold of 305 MPa, corresponding to ASTM A36 mild steel. The analysis revealed that Design 3 demonstrated superior performance in terms of stiffness and safety due to its extensive triangulation and optimized load paths, particularly under torsional and frontal loads. Design 2, despite offering a lighter configuration, failed to satisfy yield criteria in multiple loading cases, highlighting the trade-off between weight reduction and structural integrity. These findings emphasize the critical role of triangulated architecture and nodal connectivity in achieving regulatory compliance and enhancing crashworthiness in Formula SAE chassis development.

Unravelling Battery Consumption Patterns and Motor Performance in the NxGV Challenge Using MATLAB Analysis

2026-08-21T08:06:57+00:00

This research analyzes battery consumption patterns and motor performance in electric vehicles (EVs) competing in the Next Generation Vehicle (NxGV) Challenge using MATLAB analysis. Key parameters include vehicle weight, speed, battery capacity, and motor power. The study evaluates how these factors impact energy efficiency, driving range, and overall vehicle performance. A major focus is the relationship between battery capacity and motor performance, aiming to identify optimal configurations that maximize efficiency while maintaining competitive power output. MATLAB analysis assesses how variations in vehicle weight and speed influence energy consumption and motor efficiency under different race conditions. Additionally, this study compares the effectiveness of single-controller and dual-controller systems in managing motor performance and power distribution, highlighting the advantages of improved efficiency and reduced energy losses in dual-controller setups. The findings from this research will be directly applied in the upcoming NxGV Challenge, providing data-driven insights for optimizing battery usage and motor capability. Beyond the competition, the results contribute to the broader field of electric vehicle development, offering recommendations on vehicle design, battery management strategies, and motor selection. These insights have global relevance in advancing sustainable transportation by improving energy efficiency, extending battery life, and enhancing overall EV performance for both racing and commercial applications.

Electrifying Mobility: A Smart Conversion of a Go-Kart to Electric Drive

2026-08-21T08:11:07+00:00

The global shift towards sustainable transportation has catalyzed interest in electric vehicle (EV) technologies across all scales, including recreational and educational platforms. This project presents the design and fabrication of an electric go-kart through the systematic conversion of an existing internal combustion engine (ICE)-powered unit. The main objective is to develop a zero-emission, energy efficient go-kart while enhancing performance and safety. The process begins with the removal of ICE components such as the engine, fuel tank, and exhaust system. A brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is selected for its high torque-to-weight ratio, efficiency, and low
maintenance. A lithium-ion battery pack, motor controller, and throttle system are integrated to complete the electric drivetrain. Custom mounts and housings are designed and fabricated to accommodate the new components while ensuring proper weight distribution and structural integrity. The converted go-kart is expected to achieve a top speed of 40–60 km/h, a range of 20-40 km per charge, and improved torque delivery compared to the original ICE configuration. Additional expected outcomes include quieter operation, reduced maintenance, and lower operational costs, contributing to a more sustainable and cost-effective mobility solution. Performance testing will validate these targets while ensuring the system meets essential safety and durability standards. This project showcases the viability of small-scale electric mobility solutions and serves as a practical educational platform for students to engage with real-world applications of green technology and smart vehicle systems.

Development of a Blind Spot Detection System for Motorcyclists

2026-08-21T08:18:51+00:00

Side mirrors are an important component of road safety, providing drivers with a clear view of the surroundings of the vehicle, especially at the rear and sides. However, the existence of blind spots, areas that cannot be seen through side mirrors, often increases the risk of accidents. This study aims to develop a blind spot detection system using ultrasonic sensors that can detect objects in the blind spot area and provide warnings to the driver. This system integrates ultrasonic sensors with visual warning signals, such as LED lights, to provide timely warnings about potential risks. Initial tests show that this system works well in detecting objects at appropriate distances and providing timely feedback. With a design that can be easily integrated into motorcycles and other vehicles, this system has the potential to reduce accidents caused by blind spots, especially in congested and high-risk traffic situations. This system offers an innovative solution to enhance road user safety by overcoming driver visibility limitations, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.

Evaluating the Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Malaysia: Challenges and Opportunities

2026-08-20T03:27:22+00:00

This paper examines the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Malaysia from 2016 to 2024, with a focus on market trends, policy measures, and ongoing challenges. Although EV registrations have increased-especially since 2022 due to stronger government incentives and more affordable models-their market share remains low, reaching only about 1.8% in 2024, well below the 15% target set for 2030. Government initiatives such as the National Automotive Policy 2020, Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint, and National Energy Transition Roadmap have established ambitious goals for EV adoption and infrastructure, supported by tax exemptions and incentives for charging. However, key barriers persist, including insufficient charging infrastructure, high upfront vehicle costs, and limited consumer awareness. The paper highlights the need for continued policy support, expanded infrastructure, and public education to accelerate Malaysia’s transition to electric mobility and achieve its environmental and economic objectives.