A Malaysian CRS-Vehicle Compatibility Assessment Framework: Development and Application of the FitSURE Program

Abstract

Child Restraint System (CRS) effectiveness depends not only on regulatory compliance but also on correct installation and compatibility with vehicle seating systems. This study presents the development and application of the FitSURE Programme (Fitment of Child Restraint Systems in Vehicles), a Malaysian-specific framework designed to assess CRS–vehicle compatibility under real-world conditions. FitSURE is based on structured physical installation trials of CRS models commonly available in Malaysia across representative passenger vehicles. Installations were evaluated using standardised fit, placement, and securing criteria aligned with ASEAN NCAP installation checks, and categorized as Pass, Fail, or Not Applicable. A total of 986 CRS installation cases were assessed. Results showed that second-row outboard seats achieved the highest compatibility, while center and third-row seats exhibited greater structural constraints. When adjusted for applicability, pass rates exceeded 85% across most CRS categories. FitSURE complements existing assessment frameworks by providing vehicle-specific guidance that supports informed CRS selection and safer child occupant protection in Malaysia.