The Role of Driver Behavior in Rear-End Collisions: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Rear-end collisions represent a critical safety concern on Indonesian toll roads, accounting for approximately 35% of total accidents, as reported by the National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT). Despite their frequency, limited research has explored the underlying factors contributing to these incidents. This study investigates the interplay between road geometry and driver behavior in exacerbating collision risks through a systematic literature review of 10 selected studies. Findings reveal that suboptimal geometric designs, particularly lane width variations, steep gradients, and sharp curves, contribute to erratic speed adjustments and 25% longer braking delays. Drivers' behavior exacerbates these risks, with only 40% maintaining safe following distances and average speeds exceeding limits by 10.1 km/h. Environmental factors like rain worsen conditions, increasing braking distances by 20% and creating dangerous 39 km/h speed differentials. The study identifies commercial drivers' safer practices (44-69 km/h) as evidence for professional training's effectiveness. Recommended solutions include standardizing lane designs, implementing dynamic speed systems, enhancing driver education, and deploying automated enforcement. These integrated strategies address both infrastructure and behavioral gaps while supporting ASEAN NCAP 2030 safety goals. The research provides policymakers with evidence-based interventions tailored to Indonesia's unique toll road challenges, emphasizing the need for geometric improvements combined with behavioral modifications to reduce rear-end collisions effectively.